Platelets, made in your bone marrow, are used by your body to heal wounds and clot blood.
When you donate whole blood, your pint is separated into red blood cells, plasma and platelets. Cancer patients undergoing aggressive medical processes, such as chemotherapy or bone marrow transplant, need platelet transfusions because those treatments can destroy platelets along with cancer cells. As a result, the patient is often in danger of severe bleeding. For such patients, platelet transfusions are their only hope for survival.
There is a special procedure in which a donor can give only platelets. This procedure produces, in one sitting, the equivalent amount of platelets collected in five to six whole blood donations. After the platelets are extracted, the rest of the blood is returned to the donor. And whereas a whole blood donor can only give every eight weeks, the platelet donor can give as soon as every two weeks.
The platelet donation procedure (commonly called “apheresis”) at the Blood Bank of Hawaii goes like this:
- Just as done by the whole blood donor, the platelet donor fills out a medical history questionnaire and receives a mini-physical exam.
- One arm is prepared and connected by a needle and tubes to a special blood cell separator machine. An anti-clotting agent is combined with the blood to keep it from clotting while being processed.
- A small amount of blood is taken from your vein and, after entering the machine, the platelets are separated for collection in a sterile plastic bag. The machine then pumps what remains of your blood back into your vein using the same tubes and needle. This cycle is repeated until the collection process is completed.
- The blood that returns to your vein is cold, so you will be wrapped in a blanket or two to keep you comfortable.
- The anti-clotting agent may make your lips and mouth tingle. If that happens, disclose it to the nurse and she will offer you some calcium (I like the chocolate chews) to counter the tingling.
Your time on the machine will vary based on your weight and platelet count, but the collection process normally takes from 60 to 90 minutes. The donation process if fully automated and carefully monitored by trained staff. With that amount of time on the machine and with so much attention from the staff, you will find yourself getting to know the nurses and becoming friends. They are always glad to see you and they are part of what makes your platelet donation such a satisfying experience.
When I first started donating platelets years ago, both arms had to be connected to the machine. One needle to withdraw the blood, the other to return the blood. It was forbidden to bend or move the arms. If your nose itched, you asked the nurse to scratch it. Some donors brought their Walkmans and, later, iPods to listen to music. A TV and VCR were available for you to watch a TV show or a movie on VHS tape.
Today, with the new machine that requires just one arm, your other arm is free to hold a magazine, use your cell phone or scratch whatever itches. You can still watch TV or view a movie on DVD. Just lie back, relax, and let the machine do all the work.
Times have changed and the equipment has changed. What has not changed is the constant need for platelets. Patients fighting cancer, kids undergoing surgery, moms giving birth and other people facing medical crises are counting on platelets to help save their lives. Considering a single platelet donation is equivalent to five to six whole blood donations, I hope you see how important it is to be a platelet donor. And by giving many more times than a whole blood donor, you can help save many more lives.
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